Volume 19, Number 2, December 2022
DOI: 10.56040/e-flt.192

The now ubiquitous use of advanced Web 2.0 tools in writing and the emergence of automated error flagging applications with affordances far beyond Word Processing requires some attention from both L2 researchers and L2 tutors, especially when both native (skilled) writers and non-native (less skilled) writers have, reportedly, started to use various commercial and freemium technological tools that claim to provide automated written corrective feedback. In fact, little is known about tracking writers’ editing behaviour when automated error flagging is in place and whether such behaviour would vary between native and non-native writers. Using a pre-post activity interview, an IELTS writing task 2 and screen capture software, the current case study compared the editing behaviours of native and non-native speakers of English when Grammarly was used. Major results revealed that native speakers had overall more flagged errors than non-native speakers did, but the latter group had more grammar errors flagged. However, the two groups followed a similar pattern in reacting to the flagged errors. Both native and non-native writers accepted suggestions from Grammarly. The study also suggests that evidence is needed with regard to teachers’ roles in and learners’ uptake from error flagging applications.
The present study attempts to clarify effective methods for using video footage of natural conversations as pedagogical material. An experiment was conducted to reveal which of the following methods most promotes learner noticing and understanding: 1) simply showing the video, 2) providing a transcript, and 3) directing participants to pay attention to specific aspects of the interaction. Twenty-four JSL learners participated in the study. The results reveal that paying attention turned out to be most effective for promoting noticing. The amount of noticing was almost the same through each group when participants viewed the video and the transcript, whereas intermediate learners noticed more than beginners and advanced learners when directed to pay attention to specific aspect of the interaction. It was also found that more than half of the instances of noticing with transcript and paying attention were accompanied by understanding. Possibilities for utilizing the methods examined in the present study under other contexts are discussed.
This study investigated the effects and effectiveness of Self-Directed Learning (SDL) vs. Teacher-Led Instruction (TLI) on EFL learners’ oral proficiency and speaking structural accuracy. To this end, 52 participants were selected and assigned to intermediate and advanced levels. Afterward, both levels were divided into two groups of SDL and TLI randomly. All participants received eight sessions of treatment on their English-speaking by practicing the principles of SDL and TLI. IELTS speaking test was administered before and after treatment. The results revealed that learners of both levels benefited equally from SDL more than TLI. To explore the usefulness of these two approaches, five intermediate and five advanced participants were asked to write narratives. The results revealed that the participants mainly referred to SDL as a factor that could make them independent in detecting their speaking problems. Moreover, teachers in TLI had pivotal roles in guiding and managing the speaking process.
The teaching of English to young learners is a relatively new development in Turkish education system, andthere is a need for research to determine the most effective teaching practices for this demographic. It is worthnoting that worldwide, TPR studies have mainly focused on vocabulary learning, while CLT studies have focused on oral proficiency. However, despite the extensive research, there have been no attempts to compare theimpact of TPR and CLT on young EFL learners' speaking anxiety, oral proficiency, and vocabulary learning.This study aimed at investigating the impact of Total Physical Response (TPR) and Communicative LanguageTeaching (CLT) on young Turkish EFL learners' speaking anxiety, oral proficiency, and vocabulary learning.Following a quasi-experimental research design, the participants’ speaking anxiety, oral proficiency and vocabulary knowledge were tested before and after the TPR and CLT interventions. The statistical analyses of thedata revealed that both CLT and TPR reduced the participants’ speaking anxiety and improved their oral proficiency and increased their vocabulary knowledge. When compared, however, the improvement within theTPR group was significantly higher than the CLT group.
The COVID-19 pandemic posed many challenges to educators and children around the world. Undoubtedly, emergency remote teaching (ERT) affected teaching and learning practices. Following a recent stream of research on the impact of ERT during the pandemic, this study aimed at investigating the experiences with remote teaching of four novice language teachers who taught young learners of English as a foreign language in Poland in two different educational settings. The research questions enquired about the impact of ERT on teacher participants and their students. On the one hand, delivering classes online required the participants to alter teaching materials and approaches, which will have a positive effect on their future practice; on the other hand, teaching online was time-consuming and thus tiring. Whereas their students benefited from the enhanced one-to-one interaction with the teacher, parental involvement, as well as alternative learning activities, and a less distractive learning environment. However, ERT had a detrimental effect on the learning of some students with special educational needs. Conclusively, remote classes for young English language learners should be only a temporary measure.
The task of writing in a second/foreign language is challenging, as it requires not only linguistic knowledge butalso cultural, rhetorical, and content knowledge. Peer response, where students provide feedback on each other'swriting and revise their work accordingly, can be an effective instructional method to support second/foreignlanguage writers. Although peer response has been widely used in English as a Second/Foreign Language contexts and has demonstrated cognitive, social, affective, and linguistic benefits, little is known about its use inother foreign language contexts, such as Chinese as a Foreign Language. Therefore, a classroom-based casestudy examined peer response in an upper-division CFL writing course at a research university in the UnitedStates to contribute to a better understanding of peer response in broader instructional contexts and inform thelearning and teaching of Chinese.

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